This sub-project aims to advance a whole-of-society approach to accountability for international crimes in Ukraine. In order to strengthen judicial cooperation on international criminal law matters, including through increased awareness and implementation of instruments of mutual legal assistance (MLA), the Center for International Legal Cooperation (CILC) is conducting a series of awareness-raising and knowledge-sharing activities for Dutch and Ukrainian members of the Judiciary on MLA procedures, including the Ljubljana-The Hague Convention and other EU instruments. In parallel, in collaboration with the T.M.C. Asser Institute, CILC is carrying out a comprehensive legal review of Ukrainian legislation to assess its alignment with international MLA treaties and EU legal instruments. Based on the findings, and in collaboration with high-level judicial institutions, CILC and Asser will develop an action plan to identify and address required technical support. In order to enable criminal justice institutions to effectively address the roles - and meet the needs of - veterans, CILC, in collaboration with the Hogeschool Utrecht, is conducting research on post-conflict states and their approaches in dealing with veterans within the criminal justice chain, including rehabilitation into society and transitional justice, in order to support the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Veterans, and other justice chain stakeholders in developing a dedicated strategy. Furthermore, CILC is delivering a training programme for justice chain actors to enhance their capacity to handle cases involving veterans, and assisting the Centre of Probation in developing an institutional strategy and alternative sanctions tailored to the specific needs of veterans and other vulnerable groups.