‘National and local legislation, regulations, ordinances, international laws and treaties and other legal frameworks are fundamental elements of effective public health policy and practice’ (WHO)
PROGRAM CONTEXT In sub-Saharan Africa, HIV has orphaned 12 million children and reduced life expectancy in some countries by more than 20 years. The epidemic has slashed economic growth and increased household poverty. In Asia, HIV causes a greater loss in productivity than any other disease. Other regions also have concentrated epidemics among key populations at higher risk. HIV is now the leading cause of death of women of reproductive age worldwide. Unlawful discrimination against people living with HIV increases the burden on families and communities, and drives people away from HIV testing. HIV-related legal services must be part of a comprehensive service package for people living with HIV.
Legislation governing public health is outdated and fragmented in many countries, which need tailored legal capacity building to address current and emerging public health threats. Reforms must acknowledge differences in legal systems (e.g., common law, civil law, Sharia law), as well as diverse customs, cultures, and religions.
Globally, 60% of all deaths are caused by noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes. NCDs cause more than 80% of deaths in most transitional and developing countries. These premature deaths are largely preventable through legal and other interventions that address four common, modifiable risk factors: tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and the harmful use of alcohol.
PROGRAM PURPOSE Protect and promote health through law
INITIATIVES 1. HIV AND LAW INITIATIVE
2. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW AND ACCESS TO MEDICINES INITIATIVE
3. PUBLIC HEALTH LAW INITIATIVE Program information (English) Program information (Spanish) Program information-Middle East and North Africa Region (English) Program information-Middle East and North Africa Region (Arabic)